1. Mention one unique feature of bryophytes.

Ans. They complete their life cycle in water. and on land; hence they are called “amphibians of plant kingdom”.

2. Define alternation of generations.

Ans. There are two phases in life cycle of a plant like fern-sporophytic and gametophytic. Both alternate each other. It is called alternation of generations.

3. Name the male and female sex organs of bryophytes.

Ans. (i) Male sex organ = Antheridia.

(ii) Female sex organ = Archegonia.

4. List the habitat suitable for the growth of bryophytes. 

Ans. The cool, moist but shady places are suitable for the growth of bryophytes like Riccia etc.

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1. Name the dominant generation of Pteridophytes.

Ans. Sporophytic.

2. The stage of pteridophytes which produces spores for continuing rest of the life cycle is.

Ans. Sporophyte phase.

3. Why do you classify Pteridophytes under Tracheophyta?

Ans. As they have vascular tissues particularly the tracheids.

4. Name the male and the female reproductive organs in Pteridophytes.

Ans. The male reproductive organ is antheridia while female reproductive organs are archegonia.

5. Write the name of gametophyte of fern.

Ans. Prothallus.

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1. What does the term gymnosperm mean?

Ans. Greek: gymnos = naked.

sperma = seed, that is, naked seed plants.

2. Name any two common examples of gymnosperms.

Ans. (i) Cycas. and 

(ii) Pinus.

3. List two commercial products of gymnosperms.

Ans. (i) Resins.

(ii) Turpentine.

(ii) Timber.  [Write any two of these].

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1. Name one dicotyledonous and one monocotyledonous family.

Ans. (i) Fabaceae-dicot family.

(ii) Poaceae monocot family.

2. Give the number of stamens in:

(a) Papilionaceae __________.

Ans. Ten (9 + 1).

(b) Malvaceae __________.

Ans. Indefinite. 

3. Give botanical names of

(a) Rice __________.

Ans. Oryza sativa.

(b) Arhar __________.

Ans. Cajanus cajan.

(c) Gharita kumari __________.

Ans. Aloe vera.

4. Where do seeds develop in angiosperms?

Ans. Seeds are developed in the ovary in angiosperms.

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1. Members of which phylum possess the cnidoblasts?

Ans. Cnidaria (Coelenterata).

2. What do earthworms possess which help them in locomotion?

Ans. Setae. 

3. Are all the platyhelminthes parasites?

Ans. No. Planaria is free living.

4. How many pairs of legs do the following have (i) insects; (ii) scorpions; (iii) spiders?

Ans. (i) 3 pairs.

(ii) 4 pairs.

(iii) 3 pairs.

5. Name the organs by which the starfish move?

Ans. Tube Feet.

6. Give two examples of the Phylum Arthopoda.

Ans. (i) Prawn (Palaemon).

(ii) Millipede.

(iii) Crab, (write any two of these).

7. Name the phyla which have the following characteristics:

(i) Tube feet __________.

Ans. Tube feet-Echinodermata.

(ii) Cnidoblasts ___________.

Ans. Cnidoblasts-Cnidaria.

(iii) Chitinous exoskeleton __________.

Ans. Chitinous exoskeleton-Arthropoda.

(iv) Jointed legs ___________.

Ans. Jointed legs-Arthropoda.

(v) Nephridia ___________.

Ans. Nephridia-Annelida.

(vi) Flattened body and a gut without anus ____________.

Ans. Flattened body and a gut without anus Platyhelminthes.

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1. Name the following:

(i) The category of animals possessing backbone.

Ans. Vertebrata.

(ii) The group of backboned animals but having no jaws.

Ans. Agnatha.

(iii) Any one cartilaginous fish.

Ans. Scoliodon (dogfish).

2. State one difference between cartilaginous and bony fishes.

Ans. Difference between Cartilaginous and Bony fish:

3. Name one bony fish.

Ans. (i) Catla.

(ii) Labeo (Write any one of these).

4. List the three main characters of the phylum chordata.

Ans. Three main characters of phylum Chordata:

(i) Notochord present.

(ii) Dorsal tubular nerve cord present.

(iii) Pharyngeal gill slits present at some stage of their life.

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1. How many chambers are there in an amphibian heart?

Ans. Three.

2. Name a tailless amphibian.

Ans. Ichthyophis.

3. What is the literal meaning of the term “amphibia”?

Ans. They can live in water as well as upon land.

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1. Name an aquatic reptile. [Write any one of these].

Ans. (i) Turtle.

(ii) Sea Snakes.

 2. How many chambers are there in heart of a: 

(i) lizard.

Ans. Three. 

(ii) crocodile.

Ans. four.

3. What is the voice box in birds called?

Ans. Syrinx.

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1. Match the items in Column I with these in Column II.

Ans.

2. Name the Group of mammals which includes:

(i) Egg-laying mammals.

Ans. Prototheria – Egg laying mammals. 

(ii) Pouched mammals.

Ans. Metatheria — Pouched mammals. 

(iii) Flesh-eating mammals.

Ans. Carnivora — Flesh eating mammals.

(iv) Aquatic mammals.

Ans. Cetacea — Aquatic mammals.

(v) Flying mammals.

Ans. Chiroptera — Flying mammals.

3. For which characteristic feature are certain animals placed in class mammalia?

Ans. They have hairs and mammary glands. 

4. Name a mammal which has marsupium.

Ans. Kangaroo (Macropus).

5. Which group of chordates possesses hair?

Ans. Mammalia group.

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1. List the main groups of Kingdom Plantae.

Ans. Main groups of kingdom plantae are bryophytes, pteridophyta and spermatophyta.

2. Give the two main types of bryophytes.

Ans. (i) Liverworts. and 

(ii) Mosses.

3. Differentiate between gametophyte and sporophyte.

Ans. Difference between Gametophyte and Sporophyte:

4. Define alternation of generations.

Ans. The regulation of two phases of life alternately with each other is called alternation of generations. These phases are gametophytic and sporophytic generations.

5. Why are Pteridophytes grouped under Tracheophyta?

Ans. Pteridophytes have tracheids in their vascular elements. So they are grouped under tracheophytes.

6. Differentiate between Angiosperms and Gymnosperms.

Ans. Differences between Angiosperms and Gymnosperms:

7. Give three main differences between dicot and monocot plants.

Ans. Three main difference between Dicot and Monocot plants:

8. Name three families of angiosperms giving one character of each family.

Ans. (i) Family Poaceae: Flowers are small, inconspicuous structures having 3 stamens e.g. maize and rice.

(ii) Family Brassicaceae: The corolla are cruciform in shape, e.g. Brassica.

(iii) Family Papilionacae: Stamens are diadelaphous (1 + 9) e.g. Pisum sativum. 

9. Define an animal.

Ans. An animal is defined as “a living organism who ingests food and moves.”

10. With examples name: 

(a) the three kinds of symmetry.

Ans. Three kinds of symmetry:

(i) Asymmetrical ———— Porifera.

(ii) Bilaterally symmetrical ———— All phyla.

(iii) Radially symmetrical ———— Cnidaria.

(b) the three grades of organisation met within the Kingdom Animalia.

Ans. Three grades of organisation met within the kingdom animalia:

(i) Cellular level ———— Sponges.

(ii) Tissue level-Sponges ———— Cnidaria.

(iii) Organ system grade animals ———— All other

11. Explain the term triploblastic.

Ans. Triploblastic animals have “three germ layers:

(i) ectoderm.

(ii) mesoderm. and 

(iii) endoderm.”

12. Name the major non chordate phyla. Give one characteristic feature and one example of each.

Ans. Major Non Chordate Phyla, Characters and Examples:

13. Give one major difference between:

(i) Cyclostomes and other fishes.

Ans. Difference between Cyclostomes and Other fishes:

(ii) Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes, Cite examples.

Ans. Difference between Chondrichthyes and Ostiechthyes.

14. Why are frogs included in class Amphibia?

Ans. Frogs are amphibians in habitat. They live in water as well as on land. Their heart is three chambered.

15. Give two characteristic features of reptiles. Cite examples of five reptiles.

Ans. Two characteristic features of Reptiles:

(i) Skin dry with horny scales. 

(ii) Respiration by lungs. 

Examples: (i) Turtle.

(ii) wall lizard.

(iii) cobra.

(iv) crocodile. and 

(v) Tyrano-saurus.

16. Give three features of birds which adopt them to aerial life and give two examples of flightless birds.

Ans. Three features of Birds:

(i) Pneumatic bones.

(ii) Lungs provided with air sacs.

(iii) Presence of wings.

Two examples of flightless birds: 

(i) Ostrich.

(ii) Kiwi.

17. Give three features of mammals and one difference between Prototheria, Metatheria and Eutheria. 

Ans. (i) They have hairs on body.

(ii) They have mammary glands.

(iii) They have pinnae (external ears). 

Difference between PrototheriaMetatheria and Eutheria:

18. Name five orders of Mammalia. Give one characteristic feature and one example of each.

Ans. Five Orders of Mammalia: